Sunday, April 21, 2019

Part 2 Theories of the Policy Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Part 2 Theories of the form _or_ system of political sympathies Process - Essay ExampleBentleys (1908) research offered preliminary insights on how advocacy groups affect the insurance process. later Bentleys research, numerous studies on take groups followed, with each study revealing the importance of worry groups to the insurance policymaking process and the trouble of measuring the partake of interest group influence on the policymaking process (Baumgartner & Leech, 1998, p. 45-46).In addition to interest groups, political scientists as well as emphasized the role of bureaucrats, policymakers, and the media in the policy process. All of these entities could influence a specialized policy subsystem much(prenominal) as agricultural subsidy policy, pesticide regulatory policy, or any policy considered by policymakers. Over the course of 100 years, political scientists used case studies and quantitative analyses to further examine the impact of these variables on the poli cy process. By the late 1980s, this collection of research helped to provide the theoretical backdrop to models such as the ACF and PE that attempted to theorize about policy process.The ACF owes much of its intellectual heritage to research on the impact of interest groups on the policy process. This line of research started in the early 1900s and can be roughly divided into four eras. In the first era, lasting from 1900- 1930s, researchers examined the pressure tactic of groups and the impact of those tactics on the policy process. Significant wrenchs during this era included Arthur Bentleys (1908) The Process of Government. Bentley broadly theorized that groups compete against whizz another in order to influence governmental processes (p. 222,269). Although Bentley was not concerned with constructing specific theories on group activity, his research was the first to suggest that groups influenced the policy process. It also helped political scientists refocus their research ef forts to other aspects of government aside from legalistic examinations of governing institutions (Bentley, 1908, p. 162).Similar works that examined the role of interest groups, or pressure groups as they were commonly known during this accomplishment, followed with each work examining the importance of interest groups in policymaking and reconciling that notion with theories of government and democracy (Griffith, 1939 Herring, 1929 Odegard, 1928 Schattschneider, 193 5 see also Cleveland, 19 13 Crawford, 1939 Croly, 19 15 Pollock, 1927 Zeller, 1937). Even more than Arthur Bentley, whose work was generally not even recognized until the 1950s, these researchers made the study of interest groups impact on the policy process noteworthy (Garson, 1978, p. 77). However, it was not until the 1950s that interest group research really became important to political science. During this second era of research, lasting approximately from the 1940s- 1960s, the study of interest group influenc e on the policy process reached its scholarly zenith as the administrative size of the federal government increased. Research during this time period reaffirmed the importance of interest groups to policymaking (Griffith, 195 1 Latham, 1952 Truman, 1951 see also Key, 1952 McConnell, 1966). Some of the most influential research also extended the notion of interest group influence on the policy process to the notion that interest groups, policymakers, and agencies jointly controlled the policy proc

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